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Identifying Widely Covered Drugs and Drug Coverage Variation Among Medicare Part D Formularies
Chien-Wen Tseng, MD, MPH;
Carol M. Mangione, MD, MSPH;
Robert H. Brook, MD, ScD;
Emmett Keeler, PhD;
R. Adams Dudley, MD, MBA
JAMA. 2007;297:2596-2602.
Context Clinicians can find it difficult to know which drugs are covered for their Medicare patients because formularies vary widely among Medicare Part D plans and many states have 50 or more such plans.
Objective To determine whether Part D formularies in California (the state with the most Medicare beneficiaries) and Hawaii have at least 1 drug within each of 8 treatment classes for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and depression that can be identified for clinicians as "widely covered" by the vast majority of Part D plans.
Design and Setting Use of the medicare.gov Web site (March 1-April 15, 2006) to examine 72 California and 43 Hawaii Part D formularies' coverage of 8 treatment classes (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers,  -blockers, calcium channel blockers, loop diuretics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, statins, and thiazide diuretics), with evaluation of how often drugs were widely covered (defined as inclusion in  90% of formularies at co-payments of  $35 without prior authorization).
Main Outcome Measure Identification of treatment classes with at least 1 widely covered drug.
Results For California, coverage for the 75 drugs examined ranged from 7% to 100%. Despite this variation, 7 of 8 classes (excluding angiotensin II receptor blockers) had at least 1 widely covered drug. Of the 34 widely covered drugs (45%), all but 2 were generic. Restricting widely covered to include 95% or more of formularies at co-payments of $15 or less still resulted in 7 of 8 classes with at least 1 widely covered drug. Overall, 73% of generic drugs and 6% of brand-name drugs were widely covered. Findings were similar for Hawaii.
Conclusions Formularies varied substantially; however, all but 1 treatment class examined had 1 or more widely covered drugs at low co-payments. Knowing which drugs are widely covered would assist clinicians in prescribing, since not all generic drugs were widely covered. Clinicians should know that few brand-name drugs are widely covered and check coverage before prescribing.
Author Affiliations: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine at University of Hawaii, Honolulu (Dr Tseng); Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu (Dr Tseng); RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif (Drs Mangione, Brook, and Keeler); Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Department of Health Services, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, Calif (Drs Mangione and Brook); and Department of Medicine and Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco (Dr Dudley).
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