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Sex and Gender Factors in Medical Studies
Implications for Health and Clinical Practice
Vivian W. Pinn, MD
JAMA. 2003;289:397-400.
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INTRODUCTION
Males and females have different patterns of illness and different life spans . . . Understanding the bases of these sex-based differences is important to developing new approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.1
The US Census Bureau projects that the US population will have increasing numbers of women in the next decades and a greater proportion of the population will be elderly and nonwhite persons.2 Women are the major consumers of health care, the major consumers of prescription drugs, and the primary decision makers about health care for their families.3 As attention is directed to improving health of and health care for women, sex and gender differences in research design and regulatory policies interface with clinical practice. An interdisciplinary, inclusive approach to health care based on sex- and gender-specific data is sought by consumers of health care, especially women.4-6
Understanding the role of sex in health . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Historical Gender Bias
Sex and Gender Do Matter
Conclusion
Author Affiliation: Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
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